Notes

SQLite is an embedded database that holds a SQL database in a single file. It is one of the most frequently chosen options for local storage in desktop and mobile apps.

7 views

An embedding is the result of mapping text (or images · code) to fixed-dimensional real-valued vectors. On top of the assumption that semantically close items sit close in the vector space, search · clustering · classif…

5 views

A monorepo keeps the source for many projects in a single version-controlled repository. This article covers what a monorepo is, its history, how far a lightweight setup like pnpm workspaces can take us, and what full-s…

5 views

The LLM market shifts fast. Closed-API and open-weight, English-centric and multilingual, cloud and self-hosted, models specialized for Korean — all sit alongside each other.

4 views

The word "agent" is used in several senses, which is a confusing situation. Script automation is called an agent, and so is the shape of an LLM calling tools.

4 views

There is a standard for expressing the shape of an HTTP API as a machine-readable document. That is the OpenAPI Specification (OAS). Once it is written well, doc pages, client SDKs, mocks, and contract tests all flow fr…

Collecting public web data touches not only technology but ethics and law. Hitting too often burdens the target server, and skipping the terms of service can spill into legal trouble.

TypeORM was once a representative ORM in the Node camp and was widely used alongside NestJS. Its position has shifted somewhat as new ORMs appeared, but it still runs in many codebases.

Periodic tasks show up in any backend. Nightly aggregates, external data collection, expired-token cleanup. At small scale, cron or an in-process scheduler is enough; at larger scale, distributed queues and workers appe…

When writing an HTTP API, the code around the handler body (auth, validation, logging, error translation, rate limiting) often outweighs the body itself. Where and how this cross-cutting code lives decides consistency a…

Where should the schema's truth live? ORM models, migration files, DDL SQL — there are several candidates. We compare the cumulative-migration model with the single-SQL-file + CREATE IF NOT EXISTS model.

In Python web backends, frameworks rarely enforce a folder layout, so it falls to team agreement. A well-organized layout shortens onboarding for new members; without it, the same patterns get scattered everywhere.

FastAPI moved into the Python web framework mainstream in a relatively short time. Behind that quick rise is a design that ties type hints, Pydantic, and async into a single coherent sentence.

Spring carries two web stacks side by side. The older Spring MVC (Servlet-based, synchronous and blocking) and the relatively newer Spring WebFlux (Reactor-based, asynchronous and non-blocking).

When several Spring applications live in a single repository, we have to settle the location of shared code, the build unit, and the direction of dependencies. Gradle's multi-project build is the standard tool for handl…

Some external SaaS providers have no emulator: OAuth login · payments · dynamic DNS · Slack Webhook · AI providers, plus services where the official side never built one, such as Firebase Cloud Messaging. When you want…

Firebase started as a small startup in 2011 and was acquired by Google in 2014. Being a managed-first service, "no way to run it locally" was the right answer for a long time, but in March 2020 the picture changed when…

Supabase appeared in 2020 with the slogan "open source Firebase." If Firebase is one giant managed box with its own NoSQL · Auth · Storage, Supabase took the path of placing Postgres at the center and stacking small com…

Most of AWS lives in magical data centers across the internet, charging money to do work. To verify on a developer machine, three costs apply daily: (1) creating a PoC account on real AWS, (2) paying somewhere, (3) stal…

After building a container image, the next question is where to run it. One option is to run docker directly on EC2; another is to delegate container lifecycle, health checks, rolling deploys, and service discovery to a…

Distributing traffic across backends, removing dead servers, and managing certificates from a single place are common needs across nearly every web service. AWS's seat for this is ELB (Elastic Load Balancing) — four fla…

DNS, which resolves domain names to IPs, is one of the oldest pieces of internet infrastructure. AWS's managed DNS service is Route 53 — named after the standard DNS port (53).

There is a model where code runs at the function level without provisioning a server. Compute wakes up when an event arrives, runs the function once, and disappears. AWS's seat for this is Lambda — it played a major rol…

Caching static files, video, and API responses near users speeds up responses and reduces load on the origin server. The service that does this on globally distributed edges is a CDN (Content Delivery Network).

Operating a relational DB directly is an area heavy with backup, recovery, HA, tuning, and version upgrades. RDS (Relational Database Service) takes a large share of those operational responsibilities off the user's han…